Europe is running vaccination to repel Covid-19, but this effort faces a major obstacle: millions of non-papers immigrants.

It is estimated that about 4.8 million immigrants are not allowed to live in 32 European countries, as of 2017, according to PEW Research Center.

However, many countries have excused non-papers from their vaccination campaign and the deepest psychology that immigrants for officials make the immunization effort more difficult.

About 64% of Europe's mature population injected at least one dose of Vaccine Covid-19 and nearly 44% of the people injected two doses, according to the survey results from European disease control and prevention center (ECDC

The man was vaccinated in Astrazeneca inside a vaccination center in Cologne, Germany, on May 8.

In the US, non-papers who are still qualified for vaccination and federal authorities, they will not conduct unauthorized immigration activities in vaccination locations.

In March, the European Union (EU) announced a guide to calling Member States to bring all immigrants to the Covid-19 vaccination program, regardless of their legal status.

However, policies and vaccination processes are huge differences across Europe.

Mandatory vaccination for immigrants is a reasonable policy but this is still a matter of dodging in some countries, Alyna Smith, coordinator from the international cooperation forum on non-papers migrants (Picum

The difficulties in vaccination for this invisible group have turned on the current medical care inequality.

Solving immigration problems is an important thing because it is a priority group, who is vulnerable to risk factors, living conditions as well as their work, Benedetta Armocida, Master of Research

Even the pandemic, non-papers have faced countless medical barriers in many European countries, according to Sally Hargreaves, medical experts, the main author in ECDC report.

In the past, some countries, including the UK, still have a medical service charge policy for immigrants, while citizens are free.

The fear of expelling or worrying about expensive medical invoices causing illegal immigrants tend to find ways to treat chronic diseases, increasing the risk of complications when causing Covid-19,

When you talk to immigrants and minority communities, you will find them really lacking trust in the medical system, Hargreaves said.

However, there are still some countries who have given prioritized immigrants in the vaccination program.

All residents in Belgium are eligible for vaccination and the government has stipulated that data collected during the vaccination process is only used for medical purposes.

The government has also implemented mobile vaccination teams and cooperates with local authorities and civil society groups to reach immigrants.

But in the countries that theoretically everyone has the right to vaccinate vaccines, administrative barriers still exist.

Meanwhile, Italian authorities have transmitted disturbing messages about or not immigrants who are eligible for vaccination.

The German government in the spring clarifies that non-papers immigrants can access the vaccine.

Some other countries perform little or do not promote immunization efforts for non-papers immigrants.

Greece began vaccinating for refugees living in concentrated camps since June, after being criticized slowly in deployment.

The man walked outside the Ritsona camp for immigrants and refugees in Greece on June 15.

Papagiannakis blames the country's anti-immigration policy, adding that this position will reflect when Greece seeks to revive the tourism industry.

When you mention travel but don't mention those who work as unspeakable workers in the kitchen, at hotels, or do jobs like laundry, see the elderly, you have

ECDC's research shows that even in countries trying to vaccinate for non-papers, language barriers and false information also makes them hesitant with vaccines.

Human rights groups are calling for EU to play a more active role in coordinating efforts of member states to bring vaccines to disadvantaged groups.

Human rights supervision organizations also require the governments to eliminate residence requirements for the registration of vaccination, while ensuring that the health agency does not provide illegal immigrant information for

Health professionals who emphasize the pandemic have exposed the risk of non-papers immigrants from the health system, thereby turning on the requirement to quickly overcome this in the future.

Having tens of thousands of people must live outside the health system and the vaccine is not acceptable in high income countries, Hargreaves said.