Lincoln had to keep secret the train journey to Washington, and the George W. Bush administration had to set up a security barrier because of fear of terrorism on inauguration.

President-elect Joe Biden on January 20 is sworn in at a time when the country faces a series of challenges.

Some 25,000 National Guards were deployed in Washington, DC, making the city look like a "war zone".

However, this is not the first inauguration to take place in a period of intense tension in American history.

In 1861, after Abraham Lincoln was elected and seven southern states seceded from his anti-slavery views, the life-threatening threat forced Lincoln to change plans for a trip to Washington, DC, to take the oath.

Maryland is a slave state and Baltimore, the state's most populous city, has many supporters of the southern states.

Upon learning of this journey, the American press mocked Lincoln, even fabricating details that he wore "a plaid cap and very long military cape" to disguise.

The most controversial presidential election in American history is believed to be the 1876 confrontation between Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes and Democratic candidate Samuel J. Tilden.

At the end of the chaotic election campaign, both sides declared victory in three states Florida, Louisiana and South Carolina with a total of 19 electoral votes.

These three disputed states determine the final result of the race.

The next day, the retired president Ulysses S. Grant invited Hayes to the White House and demanded that he be secretly sworn in to prevent any last-minute efforts by Tilden or Democrats to reverse results and prevent violence.

After Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected for a fourth term (there was no presidential rule to hold a maximum of two terms), he decided to hold a minimalist inauguration in 1945, when the country

Instead of taking the oath at Capitol Hill, Roosevelt celebrated his inauguration at the south gate of the White House in front of a relatively small crowd.

Richard M. Nixon took office for the first time in 1969, when the movement against the Vietnam War intensified.

Nixon sometimes opened the hood and waved to everyone.

Perhaps no inauguration was as dramatic and thrilling as Ronald Reagan's first inauguration in 1981. Jimmy Carter, who was defeated by Reagan in his reelection, negotiated until the final hours of his term.

The kidnappers agreed to be released, but they refused to let the hostage plane depart until 25 minutes after Reagan became president.

Reagan and Carter were cold to each other.

George W. Bush's second inauguration was the first presidential inauguration to take place since 9/11/2001 terror attacks.

Central Washington city has been blocked on a large scale, fighter jets and air patrol helicopters, 13,000 National Guard and police guard on parade route and other locations.

By the time Barack Obama took the oath of office in early 2009, the United States was in its worst economic crisis since the Great Depression, entangled in two wars abroad and flanked by the terrorist threat in

While many people of color worry about Obama's safety, remember the assassination of Pastor Martin Luther King Jr., major security concerns during his inauguration did not come from racist whites.

The Bush team worked with Obama staff to ensure event security.