Security laws passed by the Chinese parliament can profoundly affect Hong Kong's judicial system, media and commercial standing.

Half a million Hong Kong people in 2003 took to the streets to protest protests by the special zone government to propose a security bill under Article 23 of the Basic Law.

The backlash of the people forced Hong Kong Special Chief then Dong Jianhua to declare that the bill was shelved due to "lack of support".

17 years since, despite pledging to enact a security law and pressure from Beijing, the Hong Kong government has been refraining from restarting the process.

The details in this Hong Kong security law draft far exceed those proposed by Mr. Dong Jianhua in 2003. Besides criminalizing "betrayal, secession, rebellion and subversion" acts

The Hong Kong security bill is expected to be passed by the NPC later this month and soon to apply in the special zone.

Hong Kong was handed over to China by the United Kingdom in 1997, having the right to draft and adjust its own laws according to the "one nation, two regime" model.

The new security law poses a challenge to all of this.

The law also paves the way for Chinese security forces to work more publicly and broadly in Hong Kong.

The court system in Hong Kong, which operates separately from mainland China, may have difficulty enforcing new security laws.

The ambiguity, confusion created by newly created laws and the prolonged "legal battles" that are likely to take place in court can damage the reputation of Hong Kong's judiciary, an important factor for

Unlike the extradition bill that caused instability last year, the scope of the impact of the security law is believed to be much broader, including affecting the media.

International journalists also do not know how future operations will be affected when the new security law takes effect.

The security law could also lead to a change with the Hong Kong legislature, where MPs with no pro-Beijing views take about a third of the seats.

The impact of the security bill is also likely to extend beyond Hong Kong.

A special trade status with the United States helps Hong Kong not bear the tariffs it imposes on China, as well as being an important condition for special zones to enjoy other trade preferences.

On May 21, some US lawmakers said they would propose a bipartisan bill to punish Chinese officials and entities for enforcing security laws in Hong Kong, because it was considered "

According to CNN commentator James Griffiths, China may be betting on the assumption that Covid-19 has undermined its capabilities, as well as its determination to pressure the international community with them over Hong Kong.

Hong Kong protesters stopped the promulgation of a security law under Article 23 of the 2003 Basic Law, or forced the government to withdraw its extradition bill last year.

Although some Hong Kong activists vowed to continue calling for protests against the new security law, commentator Griffiths said their chances of success were very low.